From what I have searched this is not supported yet, but with the introduction with the new item component system in 1.20.5, we can now specify specific behaviors for tools on how they can be used, mining speed, and damage taken per use. This would be useful for a plugin I am working on right now and I am sure other developers would find use in for expanding custom items within their gamemodes.

From the release notes (at https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/article/minecraft-java-edition-1-20-5)

Example use with the vanilla /give command:

/give @p minecraft:diamond_pickaxe[tool={rules:[

{blocks:"#mineable/pickaxe",speed:55,correct_for_drops:true}

]}]

How it looks in NBTExplorer (if it helps to visualize it)